Azerbaijan supplied Israel with 40% of its petrol during Gaza war, report finds
Oil Change International, a fossil fuels watchdog, has found that 40% of the crude oil Israel imported during the Gaza War was of Azerbaijani origin.
The organisation published its report to coincide with COP30, the United Nations’ annual climate change conference.
In it, they claimed that Azerbaijan, through Turkey, and Kazakhstan, through Russia, had supplied around 70% of Israel’s crude oil between November 2023 and October 2025, with Azerbaijani product taking the lead at over 7 million tonnes, or nearly 40% of the total amount. According to the report, a total of 61 Azeri shipments through the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline were made during the time period covered by the report, with Turkey being listed as the country of origin instead.
Kazakhstan came second at around 5.3 million tonnes shipped through Russia.
The report cited a legal opinion by Dr Irene Pietropaoli stating that the countries responsible for providing Azerbaijan with crude or refined petroleum products must ‘consider that their military or other assistance to Israel’s military operations may put them at risk of being complicit in genocide under the Genocide Convention’.
The text concluded by emphasising that the states that supplied Israel with fuel during the war ‘have done so in full knowledge of its atrocities’.
Azerbaijan enjoys close ties with Israel, supplying it with energy and receiving modern weapons in return.
Even as Israel is facing growing international condemnation over the conduct of its war in Gaza, Azerbaijan has deepened its ties, particularly via the Azerbaijan state-run oil company SOCAR.
In June, SOCAR bought a 10% stake in Tamar, one of Israel’s biggest gas fields, 90 kilometres from Haifa.
This deal is worth an estimated $1.25 billion.
Nate Ostiller
